1. Thuthukisa ukuchuma kwenhlabathi
Ama-95% wezinto ezilandelanayo ezisemhlabathini zikhona zingaxazululeki futhi azikwazi ukumunwa futhi zisetshenziswe izitshalo. Kodwa-ke, ama-metabolites amancane aqukethe inani elikhulu lama-organic organic. Lezi zinto zinjengamanzi ashisayo afakwa eqhweni. Izakhi zokulandela umkhondo ezifana ne-calcium, i-magnesium, isulfure, ithusi, i-zinc, i-iron, i-boron ne-molybdenum zingancibilika ngokushesha, futhi zingamunceka ngqo ezitshalweni Izakhi zomsoco ezisetshenzisiwe zikhulisa kakhulu ikhono lomhlabathi lokuphakela umanyolo.
Izinto ezingokwemvelo kumanyolo ophilayo zandisa okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo emhlabathini, okwenza izinga lezibopho zenhlabathi lehle, futhi ukongiwa kwamanzi kwenhlabathi nokusebenza kokugcinwa kukamanyolo kuyaqina. Ngakho-ke, inhlabathi yakha isakhiwo esisimeme esiyimbudumbudu, ukuze ikwazi ukubamba iqhaza elihle ekuxhumaniseni ukunikezwa kwenzalo. Ngomanyolo ophilayo, inhlabathi izokhululeka futhi ivunde.
2. Thuthukisa ikhwalithi yenhlabathi futhi ukhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwamagciwane omhlabathi
Umanyolo ongokwemvelo ungenza amagciwane amancane asenhlabathini asabalale ngobuningi bawo, ikakhulukazi ama-microorganisms amaningi azuzisayo, afana ne-nitrogen fixing bacteria, ama-bacterium e-ammoniation, ama-cellulose ebola amagciwane, njll. futhi uthuthukise ukwakheka kwenhlabathi.
Ama-microorganism akhula ngokushesha okukhulu emhlabathini, afana nenetha elikhulu elingabonakali, eliyinkimbinkimbi. Ngemuva kokushona kwebhaktheriya kwamagciwane, amapayipi amaningi amancane asala emhlabathini. La mapayipi amancane awagcinanga nje ngokwengeza ukungena kwenhlabathi, kodwa futhi enza ukuthi umhlabathi ube nokuthamba futhi uthambe, futhi izakhamzimba namanzi kwakungelula ukulahleka, okwenyusa ukugcinwa kwenhlabathi nomthamo wokugcina umanyolo, futhi kwagwema futhi kwaqeda ukubopha inhlabathi.
Amagciwane amancane asizayo kumanyolo wezinto eziphilayo nawo angavimbela ukukhiqizwa kwamagciwane ayingozi, ukuze kutholakale ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa okuncane. Uma ifakwa iminyaka eminingi, ingavimbela ngempumelelo izinto eziyingozi emhlabathini, yonge abasebenzi, imali nokungcola.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kukhona ama-enzyme asebenzayo ahlukahlukene afihliwe umgudu wokugaya ukudla wezilwane kanye nama-enzyme ahlukahlukene akhiqizwa amagciwane amancane kumanyolo wezinto eziphilayo. Lezi zinto zingathuthukisa kakhulu umsebenzi we-enzyme wenhlabathi ngemuva kokuthi usetshenziswe enhlabathini. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside nangesikhathi eside kukamanyolo wezinto eziphilayo kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yenhlabathi. Ngokuyinhloko sithuthukisa ikhwalithi yenhlabathi, asesabi ukutshala izithelo ezisezingeni eliphakeme.
3. Nikeza ukudla okunomsoco okuphelele kwezitshalo futhi uvikele izimpande zezitshalo
Umanyolo wemvelo uqukethe inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba, ukulandelela izakhi, ushukela namafutha adingeka ezitshalweni. I-CO2 ekhishwe ukubola kukamanyolo ongasetshenziswa ingasetshenziswa njenge-photosynthesis.
Umanyolo wemvelo uqukethe no-5% we-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium, no-45% wezinto eziphilayo, ezinganikeza ukudla okunomsoco okuphelele kwezitshalo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukuthi kushiwo ukuthi umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo ubola enhlabathini, futhi ungaguqulwa ube ama-acid ahlukahlukene. Luhlobo lwezinto eziphakeme zamangqamuzana, ezinokusebenza okuhle kwe-adsorption, ukusebenza kahle kwe-complexor adsorption kuma-ion esindayo, kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ubuthi bezinsimbi ezisindayo ezitshalweni, kukuvimbele ukuthi kungangeni esitshalweni, futhi kuvikele i-rhizome ye-humic izinto ze-asidi.
4. Thuthukisa ukumelana nezilimo, ukumelana nesomiso nokuvimba kwamanzi
Umanyolo wemvelo uqukethe amavithamini, ama-antibiotic, njll., Okungakhulisa ukumelana kwezitshalo, kunciphise noma kuvimbele ukuvela kwezifo. Lapho umanyolo ophilayo ufakwa emhlabathini, ungathuthukisa amandla okugcina amanzi nokonga amanzi enhlabathini, futhi esimweni sesomiso, kungakhulisa ukumelana nesomiso kwezitshalo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, umanyolo ophilayo ungaphinde wenze inhlabathi ivuleke, ithuthukise imvelo yemvelo yezimpande zezitshalo, ikhuthaze ukukhula kohlelo lwempande, ithuthukise ubungqabavu bezimpande, ithuthukise ukubekezelelana kokumanzi kwezitshalo, inciphise ukufa kwezitshalo, futhi ithuthukise ukusinda isilinganiso semikhiqizo yezolimo.
5. Thuthukisa ukuphepha nokudla okuluhlaza
Umbuso usuvele ubeke ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kukamanyolo ongaphili kumele kubekelwe imingcele enqubweni yokukhiqiza ezolimo, futhi umanyolo ophilayo ngumthombo omkhulu womanyolo ekukhiqizeni ukudla okuluhlaza.
Ngoba izakhamzimba zikamanyolo ophilayo ziphelele impela, futhi lezi zinto azinabo ubuthi, azinabungozi futhi azinakho ukungcola, lokhu kunikeza izimo ezidingekayo zokukhiqizwa kokudla okuluhlaza okunekhwalithi ephezulu, esezingeni eliphakeme kanye nokungenakho ukungcola. Izinto ze-humic acid ezishiwo ngenhla zinganciphisa ukulimala kwama-ion esindayo ezitshalweni, futhi zinciphise nokulimala kwezinsimbi ezisindayo emzimbeni womuntu.
6. Khulisa isivuno sesivuno
Izilwanyana ezincane ezizuzisayo kumanyolo wezinto eziphilayo zisebenzisa izinto eziphilayo emhlabathini ukukhiqiza ama-metabolites wesibili, aqukethe inani elikhulu lokukhula okukhuthaza izinto.
Isibonelo, i-auxin ingakhuthaza ukunwetshwa kwezitshalo nokukhula, i-abscisic acid ingakhuthaza ukuvuthwa kwezithelo, i-gibberellin ingakhuthaza ukuqhakaza kwezimbali nezithelo, inyuse inani lokuqhakaza, isilinganiso sokugcinwa kwezithelo, inyuse isivuno, yenze izithelo zibe ziningi, umbala omusha nothambile, futhi ungabalwa kusenesikhathi ukufeza ukwanda kwesivuno nemali engenayo.
7. Nciphisa ukulahleka kwezakhi zomzimba futhi uthuthukise izinga lokusetshenziswa kukamanyolo
Izinga lokusetshenziswa kwangempela likamanyolo wamakhemikhali lingama-30% - 45% kuphela. Omunye umanyolo olahlekile ukhishelwa emoyeni, amanye alahleka ngokugeleza kwamanzi nenhlabathi, kanti amanye alungiswa enhlabathini, angenakumuncwa futhi asetshenziswe ngqo izitshalo.
Ngenkathi kufakwa umanyolo ophilayo, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kwenziwa ngcono yimisebenzi ezuzisayo yebhayoloji, kanye nokukwazi ukongiwa kwamanzi kwenhlabathi kanye nokongiwa kukamanyolo kwandiswa, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukulahleka kwezakhamzimba. Ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kukamanyolo kungakhuphukela ngaphezu kwama-50% ngokusebenza kwe-microorganism enenzuzo ukususa i-phosphorus ne-potassium.
Sengiphetha, iminikelo eyisikhombisa yomanyolo wezolimo kwezolimo ikhombisa ubuhle bayo. Ngokwenziwa ngcono kokuphishekela kwabantu ukuphepha kokudla nezinga lempilo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo okuluhlaza kuzosheshisa ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo wezinto eziphilayo ngokuzayo, futhi kuhlangabezane nezidingo zentuthuko esimeme yezolimo zesimanje.
Isikhathi Iposi: May-06-2021